TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

 

   A.      Simple present tense

The simple present tense indicates an action in the present time which is not finished. This can be a habitual action ( something done regularly such as brushing your teeth everyday ) or a general truth.

Formula :

Verbal:                 :(+) S + V1 + O/C

                            (-) S + Do/Does + not + V1 + O/C

                            (?) Do/does + S + V1 + O/C ?

Nominal               : (+) S + to be + non verb + C

                              (-) S + to be + not + non verb + C

                              (?) to be + S + non verb + C ?

Note: tobe -> am, is, are non verb -> adverb, adjective, noun

                               

Example :

Verbal Sentences	Nominal Sentences
+) They play football this afternoon +)They study English every Monday +)I go to school everyday -) I do not go to school everyday -)We do not cook in the kitchen every mornig -)The boys do not come late this morning ?) Do you go to school everyday ? ?)Do we cook in the kitchen every morning ? ?)Do the boys come late this morning ?	+) The house is big                   +)You are beautiful            +)Roni is in America -) He is not clever ?) Why do you love me ? ?)Do the boys come late ? ?What do you cook ?

      

Contoh soal-soal yang menggunakan

simple present tense

1.       When I invite Nadia, she always…

       a. come                         b. comes

2.       My wife … every morning and I don’t like it

       a. sleep                         b. sleeps

3.   I … English every week in this English Club

       a. learn                          b. learns

4.       They … in a big company

       a. work                          b. works

5. My doctors … a lot of medicines

    a. give                               b. gives

6. Does she … me go ?

    a. let                                  b. lets

7. My mother … easy to get angry

    a. is                                    b.are

8. My father is a police, but he never … a criminal

    a. catch                             b. catches

9.  He doesn’t … you

    a. like                                b. likes

10. What … he do ?

    a. do                                  b.does

       B. Present continuous tense

    To express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment

Formula :

                   (+) S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C

                   (-) S +Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C

                   (?) Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C ?

Note:

tobe : is am are

Example :

+) Jhon is sleeping right now

    I am taking five courses this semester

    I am meeting some friends after work

-) They aren’t joining

    They are not watching television

    He is not studying

?) Are you sleeping ?

    Are you playing soccer tonight ?

    Is Benny watching TV ?

CONTOH SOAL-SOAL YANG MENGGUNAKAN

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.       Mr. Baker (teach) his son to ride a bicycle

      a. are teaching                            b. is teaching

2.       It (rain) very heavily

      a. raining                                        b. is raining

3.       I don’t think you (tell) me the truth

      a. telling                                         b. are telling

4.       Today is a lovely day. The sun (shine) and the birds (sing)

      a. is shining;are singing          b. are shining;is singing

5. Where is the puppy ? It (lie) under the sofa

    a. is lying                                          b. are lying

6. Which fish (live) in the sea ?

    a. are living                                     b. living

7. What (be) you (do)during your spare time ?

    a. are;doing                                    b. is;doing

8. Who (make)the terrible noise ?

    a. makes                                          b. is making

9. Oh no ! It is (go) to hit me

    a. going                                            b. goes

10. Tom (have) a bath now

      a. are having                                b. is having

 

SIMPLE PAST TENSE AND PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

 

A.      SIMPLE PAST TENSE

We use the past simple to talk about actions or situations in the past .

Ø  Pattern  ( Verbal Sentence )

(+) S + Verb II + O/C

(-) S + Did not + V I + O/C

(?) Did + S + V I + O/C ?

Ø  Pattern ( Nominal Sentence )

(+) S + To Be ( was / were ) + Non Verb

(-) S + To Be ( was / were ) + Not + Non Verb  

(?) To Be ( was / were ) + S + Non Verb ?

Example :

Verbal Sentences	Nominal Sentences
( + ) The children were at home last Sunday . ( + ) Oliver was here yesterday . ( - ) Tom wasn’t at work last Monday . ( - ) We weren’t here yesterday. ( ? ) Were they at the park last year ? ( ? ) Were you here yesterday ?	( + ) They visited a farm last month . ( + ) George and Peggy helped their brother . ( - ) We didn’t see him yesterday .  ( - ) He didn’t watch TV last Sunday .  ( ? ) Did She stay with her friend last month ? ( ? ) Did you go out last night ?

CONTOH SOAL-SOAL YANG MENGGUNAKAN

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

1.       Ten years ago , the government … to begin a food program . 

a. decided                                     b. decide

2.       Dinosaurs … the earth millions of years ago .

a. had been roamed                 b. roamed

3.       He … very well yesterday .

a. slept                                           b. is sleeping

4.       Did you … in a hotel last week ?

a. stayed                                      b. stay

5.       He didn’t … TV last Sunday .

a. Watch                                       b. watched

B.      PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

We use the past continuous to say that someone was doing something at a certain time

Formula :

(+) S + To Be ( was / were ) + V I (ing) + O

(-) S + To Be ( was / were ) + NOT+ V I ( ing ) + O

(?) To Be (was / were ) + S + V I ( ing ) + O

FORMULA (kalimat majemuk)

1. S + was / were + V I ( ing ) WHEN S + V 2

2. S + was/were + V I ( ing ) WHILE S + was / were                  + V I ( ing )

Example :

    ( + ) Tom was cooking the dinner yesterday.

    ( + ) She was reading the newspaper last Sunday .

    ( - )  I wasn’t listening the music yesterday .

    ( - ) George wasn’t having lunch at the café   yesterday

    ( ? )  Were They playing football last week?

    ( ? ) Were Luna and Lucy watching TV last month ?

Example :

1. When I called Teddy , he was listening to music last night .

2. I was listening to the radio when the telephone rang .

3. I was not doing anything when you called me .

4. She was singing while we were studying .

5. They were singing together while Their father was sleeping .

CONTOH SOAL-SOAL YANG MENGGUNAKAN

SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

1. While Mrs . Emerson … the little boy a story , he … excitedly.

a. Was reading – was listening                  b. Reading – listened

2. When John arrived , we … dinner .

a. Was having                                                    b. Were having

3. While I … in the garden , he … on the grass .

a. Was working – was sitting                      b. Was working – were sitting

4. You … (watch) television when I phoned you .

a. Was watching                                               b. Were watching

PAST PERFECT TENSE AND PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE  TENSETENSE

 

   A.  Past Perfect Tense

Past perfect is a verb form used to express that an action has been completed at some point in the past before another action occurs.

Formula :

O     Verbal:

    (+) S + had + Verb-3

    (-) S + had not + Verb-3

    (?) had + S + Verb-3 ?

O     Nominal

    (+) S + had + been + Non verb

    (-) S + had + not + been + Non verb

    (?) had + S + been + Non verb ?

Example :

Verbal Sentences	Nominal Sentences
(+) He had slept when I came last night  (--) He had not slept when I came last night  (?) Had he slept when I came last night?	(+) I had been there when the accident happened (--) I had not been there when the accident happened (?) Had I been there when the accident happened?

   B. Past Perfect Continuous

 Past perfect continuous emphasizes the duration of an activity that was in progress before another activity happened in the past.

Formula :

(+) S + had + Verb1-ing

(--) S + had + not + Verb1-ing

(?) had + S + been Verb1-ing

Example :

(+) The labors had been demonstrating for an hour

      when the manager came

(--) The labors had not been demonstrating for an hour

      when the manager came

(?) Had the labors been demonstrating for an hour

      when the manager came?

SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE  AND FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

 

    A. Simple Future Tense

Definition Simple Future :

                At one particular time in the future, this will happen.

Pattern (Verbal) :

(+)S + will + V1 + O/C

(-) S + will + not + V1 + O/C

(?) Will + S + V1 + O/C

Pattern (Nominal) :

(+) S + be going to  + be + C

(-) S + to be + not going to + be + C

(?) Will + S + be + C

NOTE :

Be = am,is,are

When the speaker is expressing a prior plan.

Pattern (Verbal) :

—  (+) S + be + going to + V1 + O/C

—  (-) S + be + not + going to + V1 + O/C

—  (?) to be + s + going to + V1 + O/C

Pattern (Nominal) :

—  (+) S + be + going to  + be + C

—  (-) S + to be + not going to + be + C

—  (?) to be + s + going to + be + C

Example :

Verbal Sentences	Nominal Sentences
(+) He will post a letter (+) I will go to Mojosari tomorrow (-) They will not sleep (-) She will not swim next week (?) Will you work today? (?) Will Anna learn English later tonight?	(+) Belinda will be a singer in my birthday party   tomorrow. (+) She will be my sister. (-) Mr. Swan will not be here next term. (-) She will not be our teacher for next semester. (?) Will he be in U.S.A? (?) Will John be an animator tomorrow?

   B. Future  Continous Tense

Definition Future Continous :

the future progressive expresses an activity that will be in progress at a time in the future.

Pattern :

(+) S + will + be + V-ing

(-) S + will + not + be + V-ing

(?) Will + S + be + V-ing

Example :

(+) We will be shifting to a new home next year.

(+) He will be flying a kite next morning.

(-) It will not be raining tomorrow. I know it from the news.

(-) She will not be enjoying her vacations next week.

(?) Will he be expecting honesty from his employees next monday?

(?) Will Reina be delivering a speech to people tomorrow?

FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

   A.    Future Perfect Tense

The future perfect expresses an activity that will be completed before another time or event in the future.

Formula :

Verbal

(+) S + will + have + V3

(-) S + will + not + have + V3

(?) will + S + have + V3

Nominal

(+) S + will + have + been + time signals ( by the time,...)

(-) S + will + not + have + been + time signals ( by the time, … )

(?) will + S + have + been + time signals ( by the time, … )

Verbal Sentences	Nominal Sentences
(+) I will graduate in June. I will see you in July. By the time I see you, I will have graduated (-) I will graduate in June. I will see you in May. By the time I see you, I will not have finished my study (?) Will you have finished your study by the time I see you?	(+) We have been married for a long time. By our next anniversary, we will have been married for 43 years (-) He will not have been in our new house by our next anniversary (?) Will he have been in our new house by our next anniversary?